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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Envelope Protein Regulates Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis

Identifieur interne : 002042 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002041; suivant : 002043

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Envelope Protein Regulates Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis

Auteurs : Marta L. Dediego [Espagne] ; Jose L. Nieto-Torres [Espagne] ; Jose M. Jiménez-Guarde O [Espagne] ; Jose A. Regla-Nava [Espagne] ; Enrique Álvarez [Espagne] ; Juan Carlos Oliveros [Espagne] ; Jincun Zhao [États-Unis] ; Craig Fett [États-Unis] ; Stanley Perlman [États-Unis] ; Luis Enjuanes [Espagne]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3197621

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV) that lacks the envelope (E) gene (rSARS-CoV-ΔE) is attenuated in vivo. To identify factors that contribute to rSARS-CoV-ΔE attenuation, gene expression in cells infected by SARS-CoV with or without E gene was compared. Twenty-five stress response genes were preferentially upregulated during infection in the absence of the E gene. In addition, genes involved in signal transduction, transcription, cell metabolism, immunoregulation, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle and differentiation were differentially regulated in cells infected with rSARS-CoV with or without the E gene. Administration of E protein in trans reduced the stress response in cells infected with rSARS-CoV-ΔE or with respiratory syncytial virus, or treated with drugs, such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin that elicit cell stress by different mechanisms. In addition, SARS-CoV E protein down-regulated the signaling pathway inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) of the unfolded protein response, but not the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) or activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) pathways, and reduced cell apoptosis. Overall, the activation of the IRE-1 pathway was not able to restore cell homeostasis, and apoptosis was induced probably as a measure to protect the host by limiting virus production and dissemination. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines was reduced in rSARS-CoV-ΔE-infected cells compared to rSARS-CoV-infected cells, suggesting that the increase in stress responses and the reduction of inflammation in the absence of the E gene contributed to the attenuation of rSARS-CoV-ΔE.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002315
PubMed: 22028656
PubMed Central: 3197621


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Apoptosis (physiology)</term>
<term>Cell Line, Tumor</term>
<term>Gene Deletion</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</term>
<term>Host-Pathogen Interactions</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term>
<term>SARS Virus (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (metabolism)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (pathology)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (virology)</term>
<term>Stress, Physiological (drug effects)</term>
<term>Stress, Physiological (genetics)</term>
<term>Viral Envelope Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Viral Envelope Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Virulence (genetics)</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Apoptose (physiologie)</term>
<term>Délétion de gène</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire tumorale</term>
<term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Stress physiologique ()</term>
<term>Stress physiologique (génétique)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (virologie)</term>
<term>Virulence (génétique)</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (génétique)</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS (pathogénicité)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>Viral Envelope Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en">
<term>Stress, Physiological</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>SARS Virus</term>
<term>Stress, Physiological</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale</term>
<term>Stress physiologique</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
<term>Viral Envelope Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en">
<term>SARS Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Virus du SRAS</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Apoptose</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Apoptosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cell Line, Tumor</term>
<term>Gene Deletion</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</term>
<term>Host-Pathogen Interactions</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Délétion de gène</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire tumorale</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Stress physiologique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV) that lacks the envelope (E) gene (rSARS-CoV-ΔE) is attenuated
<italic>in vivo</italic>
. To identify factors that contribute to rSARS-CoV-ΔE attenuation, gene expression in cells infected by SARS-CoV with or without E gene was compared. Twenty-five stress response genes were preferentially upregulated during infection in the absence of the E gene. In addition, genes involved in signal transduction, transcription, cell metabolism, immunoregulation, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle and differentiation were differentially regulated in cells infected with rSARS-CoV with or without the E gene. Administration of E protein in trans reduced the stress response in cells infected with rSARS-CoV-ΔE or with respiratory syncytial virus, or treated with drugs, such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin that elicit cell stress by different mechanisms. In addition, SARS-CoV E protein down-regulated the signaling pathway inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) of the unfolded protein response, but not the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) or activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) pathways, and reduced cell apoptosis. Overall, the activation of the IRE-1 pathway was not able to restore cell homeostasis, and apoptosis was induced probably as a measure to protect the host by limiting virus production and dissemination. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines was reduced in rSARS-CoV-ΔE-infected cells compared to rSARS-CoV-infected cells, suggesting that the increase in stress responses and the reduction of inflammation in the absence of the E gene contributed to the attenuation of rSARS-CoV-ΔE.</p>
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<li>Iowa City</li>
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